Pronunciation -ED (Simple Past - Regular Verbs)

Pronunciation -ED

(Simple Past - Regular Verbs)

* O '5' está no lugar do símbolo que eu ainda não achei :(

º /t/ after verbs ending in these unvoiced sounds: /k/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /'5'/ and /t'5'/
E.g.:

 9 /k/ - looked (pronunciation = 'lookt' - no looked)
 9 /p/ - hoped (pronunciation = 'hopt' - no hoped)
 9 /f/ - laughed (pronunciation = 'laught' - no laughed)
 9 /s/ - passed (pronunciation = 'passt' - no passed)
 9 /'5'/ - washed (pronunciation = 'washt' - no washed)
 9 /t'5'/ - watched (pronunciation = 'watcht' - no watched)

º /id/ after verbs ending in /t/ or /d/
E.g.:

 9 /t/ - hated (pronunciation = 'hatid' - no hated)
 9 /d/ - decided (pronunciation = 'decidid' - no decided)

º /d/ after verbs with voiced endings. (This is the biggest group)
E.g.:

 9 arrived (pronunciation = 'arrivd' - no arrived)
 9 changed (pronunciation = 'changd' - no changed)
 9 showed (pronunciation = 'showd' - no showed)

Obs.: The difference between /d/ and /t/ (-ED sounds) is very small and only occasionally causes communication problems.

Parts of the body

Algumas das principais partes do corpo humano

Para quem quiser treinar, basta imprimir a imagem abaixo

Present Continuous - Review

Present Continuous - Review

º It's used to talk about things (events) that happen at this moment (=now).

Structure:

subject	+	auxiliary verb	+	main verb	+	complement
		BE		+ING

E.g:

I am studying English now.
I	am	studying	English	now.
subj.	BE	verb + ING	compl.	not necessary

ING Rules:

1) Add ING:
º play - playing
E.g.:

He is playing the piano.
He	is	playing	the piano.
subj.	BE	verb + ING

2) Verbs ending in "-E":
º remove E, add ING: dance - dancing

E.g.:

They are dancing ballet.
They	are	dancing	ballet.
subj.	BE	verb + ING

3) Verbs ending in "-IE":

º remove IE, add y and ING: lie - lying
E.g.:

We aren't lying.
We	aren't	lying.
subj.	BE + not	verb + ING

4) Short verbs ending in C.V.C. (Consonant + Vowel + Consonant):
º double last consonant and add ING: run - running

run	running
C.V.C	C.V.C + C + ING

E.g.:

I am running to school.
I	am	running	to school.
subj.	BE	verb + C + ING

5) Long verbs ending in C.V.C., whose last syllable is stressed:
º double last consonant and add ING: travel - travelling

travel	travelling
C.V.C	C.V.C + C + ING

E.g.:

I am travelling to Paris.
I	am	travelling	to Paris.
subj.	BE	verb + C + ING

Obs.: If the verb ends in C.V.C. but the last syllable isn't stressed:
º don't double the last consonant: listen - listening
E.g.:

She is listening to music.
She	is	listening	to music
subj.	BE	verb + ING

Relative Clauses

Relative Clauses

A clause is a part of a sentence.
A relative clause tell us which person or thing (or what kind of person or thing) the speaker means:

E.g.: The Woman who lives next door is a doctor.
                           (tell us which woman)

E.g.: We know a lot of people who live in London.
                                          (tell us what kind of people)

Rules:
º Who/That: People
º Which/That: Things
º Where: Places
º When: Time
º Whose: Possession

Adverbs and expressions of frequency

Adverbs and expressions of frequency

º It's used to answer the question: "How often...?"
º It's used before verbs (except BE)

E.g.:

How often do you study English?
How often	do you study English?
QW = frequency

E.g.:

I always have a sandwich for lunch.
I	always	have	a sandwich for lunch.
	adverb of freq.	Verb
	<  Before  =

E.g.:

I am never sad.
I	am	never	sad.
	Verb BE	adverb of freq.
	<  After =

|---------------|-----------------|--------------|--------------------|------------------|
100%	80%	65%	50%	20%	0%
Always	Usually	Often	Sometimes	Hardly Ever	Never

Obs.: We use HARDLY EVER and NEVER with affirmative verbs, but with a negative meaning.

E.g.:

I	hardly ever	do	exercise
	–	É

He	is	never	tired
	É	–

* Expressions of frequency:
º Everyday
º Regularly
º Once
º Twice
º Three times
º Every month
º Etc.

Ordinal Numbers

Ordinal Numbers

1

st

first

11

th

eleventh

21

st

twenty-first

31

st

thirty-first

2

nd

second

12

th

twelfth

22

nd

twenty-second

40

th

fortieth

3

rd

third

13

th

thirteenth

23

rd

twenty-third

50

th

fiftieth

4

th

fourth

14

th

fourteenth

24

th

twenty-fourth

60

th

sixtieth

5

th

fifth

15

th

fifteenth

25

th

twenty-fifth

70

th

seventieth

6

th

sixth

16

th

sixteenth

26

th

twenty-sixth

80

th

eightieth

7

th

seventh

17

th

seventeenth

27

th

twenty-seventh

90

th

ninetieth

8

th

eighth

18

th

eighteenth

28

th

twenty-eighth

100

th

one hundredth

9

th

ninth

19

th

nineteenth

29

th

twenty-ninth

1,000

th

one thousandth

10

th

tenth

20

th

twentieth

30

th

thirtieth

1,000,000

th

one millionth

Form
Just add "th" to the cardinal number:

E.g.:

º four - fourth
º eleven - eleventh

Exceptions:
º one - first
º two - second
º three - third
º five - fifth
º eight - eighth
º nine - ninth
º twelve - twelfth